BALI ISLAND INDONESIA CULTURE KNOW
Map BaliDari many scattered islands in the Indonesian archipelago , Bali is the most famous island in the world . The
island is located in the south of the equator has an area of
approximately : 80 miles long and 150 miles wide that resemble the
shape of a fish . Civilization noted that Bali has an amazing microcosm of the history , legends , literature , art , nature , and man himself .
Bali is the last link from the ranks of the islands lush tropical Indonesia. On the East side of the island , along the Lombok Strait that
separates Bali to Lombok island , visible line between the flora and
fauna of the sub - tropical race changed to diverse flora and fauna of
Australasia race .
In
terms of ecology , " Australasia " is an area that has a history of the
evolution of a uniform and a number of flora and fauna that can only be
found in the Australian region , island of New Guinea and surrounding
islands . Including the island of Lombok and Sulawesi and islands in Indonesia, which is located to the east of both islands . An imaginary line dividing the Asia Australasia is the Wallace Line - Borneo and Bali to the west , namely in Asia .Villagers Tengganan Bali | Photo of : wisatabaliaga.com
Villagers Tengganan Bali | Photo of : wisatabaliaga.comOn
one side of lush green land , brown land on the other side , on the one
hand there are monkeys , squirrels , a variety of birds , on the other
hand there is a large reptile and cockatoos . This
enchanting island is split by rivers , canals , and the valley is
covered by forests and rice fields to the end of the beautiful beaches .
Decorated by a lake that fills the rest of the crater of the volcano . Beauties showed a plateau that blends fantasy with reality .
In the 15th century AD , when the Majapahit kingdom was defeated by
the patterned Islamic Mataram kingdom , hundreds of Hindu - Javanese
groups ; nobility , clergy , artists , intellectuals and ordinary people
are in fact faithful Majapahit fled to the island of Bali .
It
is prominent in Bali is the vision that inspires confidence every
living soul in Bali to harness nature wisely ; human creativity in
various fields such as : engineering sculpting , dance , architecture ,
music and other artistic expressions .
Social Life and Culture
Ritual ceremonies Saka New menjelangTahun | Photo of : ruanghati.com
Ritual ceremonies Saka New menjelangTahun | Photo of : ruanghati.com
Social order in Bali built on division of social strata which are divided into :
1 . Brahma , is the highest strata filled by the clergy .
2 . Knight , a stratum filled by nobles and royal officials
3 . Vaishya , a stratum which is filled by the soldiers and traders
4 . Sudra , strata for ordinary people .Despite struggling with lacing globalization brought along with
foreign tourists and traders , as well as the rush of incoming
information and technology , distinctive culture that has long remain
firmly entrenched as their hallmark .Name
of each individual can be seen as an indicator of social strata as well
the existence of culture in Bali , for example : Good or Ida Ida Ayu is
the name used by the Brahmins . Anak Agung Cokorda or god is the name used by the Knights . I Gusti is the name used for the Vaishya , and Wayan , Made , Nyoman , Ketut used by the Sudra .
Birth ceremony ( Jatakarma Samskaras )
Ceremonies begin from the day before birth . For
example , there is a series of prohibitions for women who are pregnant ,
namely : should not eat food fresh bloody , law should not be like when
a menstruating woman entered the temple ; women who are pregnant are
not allowed to eat buffalo meat or pork ; should not be seen people who are injured or blood let alone see people who died , and
had to stay home with a purification ceremony that allows birth
normally.The father of the baby is expected to be present at the birth of the baby and accompany his wife . When the baby is born , the father had to cut the umbilical cord using
a bamboo knife , then put in a bag , and then looped around the neck of
the baby at a later date .
On
day 21 after the birth of the baby , according to the Balinese calendar
, the baby will be dressed in clothing , such as gold or silver
bracelet in accordance with the existing social system . Size is determined by maturation for women menstruate first time and readiness for marriage .Cut Tooth Ritual | Photo from : ANTARA / Nyoman Budhiana
Birth
and puberty ceremony is only the opening of a series of ceremonies and
celebrations that accompany every Balinese daily activities , from
eating to bedtime , from walking to the spoken word .
The marriage ceremony ( Pawiwahan )Another important transition ceremony wedding in Balinese language called Pawiwahan . Pawiwahan is a testament to the ceremony before the Sang Hyang Widi
and to the public that the two persons concerned have committed
themselves as husband and wife .As for the preparations that need to be prepared for the ceremony are as follows :means
· Segehan chopped five colors .
· Fire takep ( fire made from coconut fiber ) .
· Drumming ( fresh water , wine , wine ) .
· Padengan - with / pekala - kalaan .
· Pejati .· Mat impromptu ( small mats made from pandanus ) .
· Load ( consisting of a hoe , sugar cane , wood branch that ends dadap given pot , basket containing money ) .
· Bakul .
· Pepegatan consists of two branches connected by a thread dadap white
Time : Usually been a good day , in accordance with the requirements ( ala - ayuning adult ) .
Place : Can be done at home Iaki bride or her in accordance with local customary law ( village , kala , patra ) .
Executing : Led by a pastor / Pinandita / Wasi / Stakeholders .
The procedure:
· Before the ceremony natab pedengan offerings - with , first and maprayascita mabhyakala bride .
· Then the bride surrounds Kamulan corrected and corrected Pesaksi
three times and proceed with the sale and purchase between men Iaki
bride with the bride , accompanied by tearing mat bride Iaki impromptu
by men .
· As the last event performed Mejaya - jaya and ends with natab dapetan offerings .
Death ceremony ( cremation )
Death
ceremony performed by means of a cremation ceremony spectacular and
dramatic as it is the final series of the wheel of human life on earth .
According
to Hinduism , the soul is immortal ( immortal ) and after residing in
the human body , will be reincarnated , but before reincarnated ,
spirits would pass through a phase in nirvana and be cleansed , and
according to the record of a person's life on earth ( karma ) then the
spirit will be sent to low or high caste , and cremation is a purification process of the spirit of sins past .
Philosophically
, in Bali there are several primary means used in death rites (
cremation ) , the corresponding script Purwwa Tattwa Yama , among them ;
banana teak as color , asep as eyes , a mouth angkeb rice , porridge
pirata as sound , as anal dukut off ,
the cup as the forehead , nose leaf as a wealthy timber , goad as
eyelashes , eyebrows as Java , pili - pili as heartburn , ilang long as
the tongue , ending the lips , don rattan as the back , asep as gums ,
pengawak as spine , cane as an arm , sandalwood as pinkie bone , spices as core or as atma . Panyugjug
as roads , panyugjug mameri as a guide to the most front , shirt (
wastra ) as leather , fabric wangsul as the soles of the feet , as the
knee cap , Crush / reward of money as the knee bone , sangku as the
bladder , as a fan of breath , meat sebagal box , three sampir as veins , and gagadhing , EMBA - embanan as head .
Therefore , the Balinese do not consider death as the end of everything , but is a new phase of life . Therefore
often utter such messages are listed in the Bhagavadgita , " The end of
birth is death , the end of death is birth " which means the end of
keidupan is death and death is the beginning of life
Art on Bali
Music, dance, and a statue of the three areas of the arts at the center of artistic creativity concentration exploration community in Bali.
3.1. music
In terms of music, the sound of gamelan almost buzzing around the land of Bali; at the temples, squares, palaces, etc.. The musical instruments accompanied by other musical instruments such as completeness: gong, bell-bell, saron, xylophone, etc.. The composition of the instrument can be changed according to the designation of the area and held performances.
Dance of Bali IslandIn addition to music, Balinese dances an art show that attracts attention . There are various types of dances with different functions in
accordance with such designation : for religious ceremonies , drama or
musical performances , ritual warfare , and much more .
Among the most famous dance is the Legong Kraton . Legong
word is derived from the word " leg " which means flexible or elastic
and then interpreted as graceful movement ( dance ) . Furthermore,
the word is combined with the word " gong " means gamelan that , so it
becomes " Legong " which implies movement highly bound ( especially
accentuation ) by the accompanying gamelan . Sometimes
the dance is performed by two or more girls with figures showing Lean
as Legong start of this opening , but there are also times when the
Legong dance performed one or two pairs of dancers without showing Lean
leaders first. Characteristic of this is the use of Legong dancers except Leaning fan .dance Jauk
Gamelan is used to accompany the dance called Gamelan Semar Legong Pagulingan . The play is commonly used in the Legong is mostly sourced at :
· The story of King Lasem Malic particular story ,
· Kuntir and Jobog story ( the story of Vali Sugriva ) ,
· Bring Legod ( Brahma Vishnu story when looking for a tip and base Lingganya Shiva ) ,
· Egret ( bird story ) ,
· Sudarsana ( sort Calonarang ) ,
· Palayon ,
· Chandrakanta and so forth .
Some areas have a typical Legong , for example :
· Didesa Tista ( Tabanan ) there are other kinds of Legong , called Andir ( Nandir ) .
· In the temple Pajegan Great ( Ketewel ) are also masked dance called Legong
Legong Trance or Legong masks .
In
addition Legong Kraton , dance Equally famous is the Kecak dance ,
Pendet also in 2009 that the media spotlight and abroad related to
claiming Pendet heritage neighbor country , Indonesia's neighboring
countries are starting construction of identity nation .
ancestors and nature . In some ceremonies and religious rites there are differences from one region to another .
In Balinese belief , mountain Mahameru / Meru has a special position in their hearts . Mahameru illustrates an important point or as Rama ( Mr ) of life ; darisanalah the Gods set life . On the island of Bali , the mountains as the cosmos is something that is dominant in confidence and architecture . An important part of religious ritual in Balinese society is a
ceremony performed on the highest mountain in Bali is Mount Agung which
is regarded as the ' navel of the earth ' , where at the foot of Mount
Agung Besakih there .
In Besakih, in addition to the celebration and the annual ceremony
organized by the religious calendar , there is also great for cleansing
ceremony universe Eka Dasa Rudra is called , which is held once every
100 years .
Bali Aga society
In the 20th century ago, precisely in 1963, Mount Agung erupted after
waking from sleep for centuries and claimed beberaba approximately 1,200
people and destroyed many villages .
The Balinese see the tragedy as a symbol of the anger of the gods and
therefore the ceremony was held again in 1979 or 1900 based on the
calculation of the Saka .
Cosmological
symbolism of mountains can be seen in the architectural structure of
the temple gate Bentar or characteristics that make up a tower that
resembles notched two separate parts of the pyramid into two , which
describes the two-part sacred mountain , Mount Agung one part and one
part of Mount Batur . Other
common symbols are Meru ; hundreds of pagodas that stand in holy places
, and in the court of the temple was built on a series of layers of
rock that has a roof that resembles a pyramid shape covered by palm
leaves black with number eleven ( the amount of which is determined
based on Hindu beliefs associated with order of the universe ) .
Beliefs
, ceremonies , and religious celebrations guiding Balinese life since
birth and alloys in the form of family and social life . Religious
regulations specify spatial village , the temple shapes , the structure
of the house , and a series of rights and responsibilities in the
village . In view of the religious calendar , holidays , celebrations and set systems .
